In many cases, patients with AIDS do not die due to infection by the virus itself, but as a result of opportunistic infections or certain types of tumors.
Infections develop when the immune system can not protect the body against various infectious agents that are routinely present in the environment and that under normal circumstances do not cause disease.
The occurrence of any of the various opportunistic infections called AIDS-defining illnesses, along with the decrease in the number of CD4 T cells is what determines the clinical diagnosis of the disease.
The most common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients is pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii, protozoa commonly found in the airways of most people.
Usual association of AIDS with tuberculosis and other bacterial pneumonias. In the last phase of the disease symptomatic infection with Mycobacterium avium can cause fever, weight loss, anemia and diarrhea.
Certain infections caused by bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract may also present with diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia and fever.
Are also common during the advanced stages, diseases caused by different protozoa, especially the central nervous system toxoplasmosis. Fungal infections are also common in AIDS patients.
Mucocutaneous infection by Candida albicans usually occur in early and heralds the onset of clinical immunodeficiency. Cryptococcus is the leading cause of meningitis who develop AIDS patients. Opportunistic viral infections, especially those due to herpesviruses, have a very high incidence in AIDS patients.
Cytomegalovirus, members of this family of viruses, infect the retina and can cause blindness. Another herpesvirus is Epstein Barr virus, which has been linked with the appearance of lymphomas. Infection with herpes simplex virus, both type 1 and 2, is also common, causing perianal lesions around the mouth and very painful.
Many AIDS patients develop further tumors. The most common are B cell lymphomas and Kaposi?s sarcoma.
Lymphoma is a late manifestation of HIV infection and AIDS develops when the defense function of the immune system is altered. It can affect any organ, especially the central nervous system.
Kaposi?s sarcoma is a multifocal neoplasm that is characterized by the development of vascular nodules in skin, mucous membranes and viscera.
It is an early manifestation of AIDS infection and can occur with normal counts of CD4 T lymphocytes. It is the most common malignancy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and is common skin lesions, red or purple.
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